Which reaction type involves a single compound breaking down into two or more products?

A decomposition reaction involves a single compound undergoing a transformation to break apart into two or more simpler substances or products. This type of reaction is characterized by the general form where one reactant is transformed into multiple products, often due to the application of heat, light, or electricity.

For instance, when calcium carbonate decomposes when heated, it breaks down into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. This breakdown process emphasizes the core nature of decomposition reactions, where the original compound loses its identity and forms new materials. Understanding this concept is crucial for distinguishing it from other types of reactions that either combine substances, like synthesis reactions, release energy in the form of combustion, or involve the exchange of ions like in double replacement reactions.