What is the term for the process that produces a salt and water when an acid reacts with a base?

The process that produces a salt and water when an acid reacts with a base is known as neutralization. This reaction occurs when the acidic properties of the acid and the basic properties of the base interact to form a compound that has neither acidic nor basic characteristics, which is the salt, and water.

In a neutralization reaction, the general equation can be represented as:

Acid + Base → Salt + Water

For example, when hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), the resulting products are sodium chloride (NaCl) — which is the salt — and water (H2O). This process is crucial in various applications, including in biological systems and industrial processes, where maintaining pH balance is essential.

The other options refer to different types of chemical reactions. Decomposition involves a single compound breaking down into two or more products; precipitation describes a reaction that forms an insoluble solid from soluble reactants; and combustion refers to a reaction where a substance combines with oxygen, releasing energy, typically in the form of heat and light.