What is the term for a reaction that involves the absorption of energy in the form of heat?

The term for a reaction that involves the absorption of energy in the form of heat is an endothermic reaction. In these types of reactions, the system absorbs thermal energy from its surroundings, resulting in a decrease in temperature of the surroundings. This absorption of energy is necessary for the reaction to proceed, as it allows the reactants to overcome the activation energy barrier necessary for the reaction to occur.

In contrast, exothermic reactions release energy in the form of heat, leading to an increase in the temperature of the surroundings. Combustion reactions are a specific type of exothermic reaction that occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light, typically involving organic compounds. Catalytic reactions refer to reactions that occur in the presence of a catalyst, which speeds up the reaction without being consumed, but this concept does not specifically relate to energy absorption or release. Thus, the correct identification of an endothermic reaction highlights its unique characteristic of absorbing heat.