What do you call a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a specific temperature?

A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a specific temperature is termed a saturated solution. In this state, the solvent is in equilibrium with the solute, meaning that any additional solute added will not dissolve and will instead remain in its solid form or precipitate out. The saturation point is directly influenced by temperature; as the temperature increases, the capacity of the solvent to dissolve more solute typically increases as well.

The concept of saturation is crucial in understanding solutions and their behavior. For instance, if a solution is unsaturated, it indicates that more solute can be dissolved, while a concentrated solution means that it has a high amount of solute relative to the solvent, but may not necessarily be saturated. A dilute solution, on the other hand, has a relatively small amount of solute compared to the solvent and is not close to the saturation point. Therefore, the term "saturated solution" specifically designates a state where the solute has reached its maximum solubility at that temperature.